The Intel 82GM965 Graphics and Memory Controller, also known as the GMCH (Graphics and Memory Controller Hub), is a crucial component in Intel's GM965 Express chipset. This chipset is designed for laptops and provides integrated graphics and memory control functions. The GMCH houses an Intel GMA (Graphics Media Accelerator) graphics core, capable of basic graphics rendering and video playback. It supports DDR2 system memory and interfaces with the CPU via a Front-Side Bus (FSB). The GM965 chipset offers connectivity options, including USB ports, SATA (Serial ATA) interfaces, and integrated display outputs such as VGA and LVDS. While dated, this chipset served as a foundation for mobile computing devices, optimizing the balance between performance and power efficiency.